Defining Terms Helps to Avoid the Politics of Demonization
Frederick Clarkson printable version print page     Bookmark and Share
Mon Jul 17, 2006 at 01:41:11 AM EST
Over at Street Prophets, Pastordan asked a leading secular humanist to respond to Senator Barack Obama's recent speech about religion and public life.  Mr. Boma (the similarity in the sound of the name is a total coincidence), produced a remarkable essay that is well worth the time for those who are ready to be open to changing the nature of public discourse in this area. Many readers will find it challenging, and no doubt find things to both agree and to disagree with.  However you may feel about some of the details of his argument, it is among the most interesting and thoughtful critiques's of Senator Obama's speech I have seen, and worth considering as the politics of all this unfolds.

Pehaps most importantly, Mr. Boma does something that Jim Wallis and Barack Obama do not: he defines his terms, in this instance, the terms secular and secularism. We would all do well to consider his general example. I think defining terms, or at least moving in that direction, is a necessarily prerequisite for responsible civil discourse, particularly in the sensitive area of religion in public life. This is particularly so for the purposes of this site.  

Here is how Mr. Boma approaches it.

Atheist - One who does not believe in any God, spirit, supernatural force, divinity, etc.

Non-theist - An atheist, agnostic, free thinker, or other non-religious person. Senator Obama uses the term "secular people" for non-theists.

Secularist - One who believes that religion has no place in government and government has no place in religion. Secularism contains no judgement, explicit or implicit, on the truth or value of religion, so even a true believer may be a secularist.

Humanist - One who holds a naturalistic world view that emphasizes that human beings have the power and responsibility for creating their own societies. Humanism advocates the use of reason, compassion, scientific inquiry, ethics, justice, and equality.

Secular - Containing no mention of anything religious. Again, this is different than anti-religious because their can be no judgement made about the truth or value of any religion if religion is not even mentioned to begin with.

An Atheist's Dissection of Obama's Speech

At Pastor Dan's request, I am writing a detailed response to I must be honest and reveal that my previous comments and posts about his speech were based on excerpts, and not the full speech. Senator Obama told PD that many of the criticisms of his speech have come from people like me who have not read or heard the entire speech. So I went back and watched the speech a few times and read the full text to see what I was missing. I am actually more critical of the speech now than I was before, and taken as a whole I found it to be a self-contradictory mess.

I go into agonizing detail across the break... follow if you dare.

Meanwhile, back to some further thoughts from me about the unfolding drama over Obama's speech.

There seem to be three main kinds of response to Senator Barack Obama's recent discussion of faith and public life and the Democratic Party. One is agressively dismissive from those who simplistically oppose all mention of religion in public life. (This is in my view, extremely counter productive, coarsens political discourse, plays into the hands of the religous right, and violates the spirit of the constitution itself.)  The next kind of response I notice, is ga ga enthusiasm. This tends to come from people who are enthusiasts for all things "of faith" and from Democratic partisans who have determined that in order to peel off the anti-religion label (stuck on the party by the religious right, and certain clueless enablers), the party shall declare that religion is, in a word, good.  The third general kind of response is thoughtful critique, one that acknowledges that Obama has good things to say about religious pluralism, but there are parts of what he says that are in apparent conflict with the culture and pratice of religious pluralism itself.

As these issues heat up -- and they will -- as we enter the campaign season, let me underscore that here at Talk to Action, we have no interest in becoming a forum for theism vs. atheism -- as a matter of fact, that debate is off topic and we will be agressive in ensuring that we stay on topic. (Obviously off topic comments and diaries will be deleted.) We also do not wish to become a place for promotion of the politics of faith or opposition to it per se. Our site topic is the religious right and what to do about it. That said, there are aspects of the emerging discussion where Talk to Action can make important contributions. The religious right has been very effective at driving the discussion of the proper role of religion in public life for a long time. That is one reason why it was so distressing that Sentaor Obama adopted one of the of the main frames of the religious right in his speech.

Whether or not a religious left is an effective counter to the religious right, and if so, what is effective, or ineffective about it, is a good discussion to have. But one reminder as we go forward: all people  have a right to politically organize; whether left or right; religous or not. That right is not up for discussion on this site.

Part of taking action in response to the religious right means using our knowledge effectively. All of us here at Talk to Action are aquiring knowledge and perspectives that have the potential to dramatically change public discourse in this area, and in so doing, change the way that we enage the religious right in defense of religious equality and constitutional democracy.

Let's do it.




Display:
tend to blur and obscure, rather than clarify and illuminate. They make thoughtful discussion almost impossible.  

For a number of years, inside the beltway types thought the label "religious political extremist," and its several variants were the answer to the rise of the religious right. The label was used to demonize everone from non-violent antiabortion protesters to violent white supremacists.

If the Democratic Party has a reputation for being antireligious among evangelicals and prolife Catholics, the use of such mindless labeling and demonization tactics in the media by party leaders and aligned interest groups may have a great deal to do with it.  But beltway insiders -- the highly paid consultants and those who pay for their services -- do not wish to bear any responsibility for any of this.  

So now the game -- is to find someone else to blame.

by Frederick Clarkson on Mon Jul 17, 2006 at 02:27:36 AM EST


I've seen the word "demonization" used many times on this website, but I don't think I've seen it defined anywhere.  What do you mean when you use the word "demonization"?

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"I believe in a President whose views on religion are his own private affair" - JFK, Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association
by hardindr on Mon Jul 17, 2006 at 10:25:02 AM EST
As with most terms, meaning is dependent in part on context. That said, I think many uses around here may be read with a standard dictionary definition.

Encarta, for example:  

Demonize: cause to appear evil to others: to cause somebody or something to appear evil or threatening in the eyes of others

A more developed definition, and one that at least Chip Berlet and I would usually intend, can be found in the glossary at Political Research Associates:  

Demonization: Portraying a person or group as totally malevolent, sinful, or evil--perhaps even in league with Satan. A precursor to scapegoating and conspiracism which encourages discrimination and violence against the target. Acts as a form of dehumanization or objectification. Demonization involves marginalization (using propaganda and prejudice to set people outside the circle of wholesome mainstream society) and dehumanization (negatively labeling the targeted persons so they become perceived more as objects than as real people).

The term obviously has religious denotations and connotations. In contemporary useage, sometimes that religious dimension is quite relevant, suchas when Tim LaHaye demonizes "secular humanism."  

When critics use the term "religious political extremists," to describe the religious right, or its elements, we are seeing an excellent example of demonization as political tactic. The use of this term clearly does not carry the same ideological baggage as when Tim LaHaye is demonizing secular humanism; which is one reason why context is important.

Demonization is often associated with "scapegoating:"

blaming a person or group wrongfully for some problem, especially for other people's misdeeds. Scapegoating deflects people's anger and grievances away from the real causes of a social problem onto a target group demonized as malevolent wrongdoers. The problem may be real or imaginary, the grievances legitimate or illegitimate, and members of the targeted group may be wholly innocent or partly culpable. The scapegoats are wrongfully stereotyped as all sharing the same negative trait or are singled out for blame while other major culprits are let off the hook.

So, for example, when Jim Wallis and Barack Obama blame unnamed "secularists" for allegedly pushing religious people out of public life, we are seeing an excellent example of scapegoating, accompanied by demonization.

In the way that they approach the matter, they are severely undermining the legitimacy of the term "secular," by turning it into an epithet. This is particularly unfortunate since "secular" is a term with meanings that are central to historic Supreme Court rulings sorting out the appropriate of the role of religion in government and public policy. While the demonization of secularists by Wallis and Obama is certainly of a less malevolent variety than when Tim LaHaye and others on the religious right use the term; what they do resonates within the well established frame of the religious right's uses of the term. So they get an additional political charge out of their use of the term --  while being able to plausibly claim innocence.

But in engaging in scapegoating and demonization of secularists, they are adding legitimacy to the four decade campaign by leaders of the religious right to attack and discredit all things "secular," and therefore are doing great damage to the cause of civil discourse and respect for the religious views of all that they otherwise profess to support.

I hope this helps to clarify the definition of demonization for you.

by Frederick Clarkson on Mon Jul 17, 2006 at 12:57:21 PM EST
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