Although the NCBCPS curriculum cites the recent book A Patriot's History of the United States as the source of this statement, this "seminary" trick has been used for many years by NCBCPS advisory board member David Barton. Even the other Christian history revisionists give Barton credit for this one. In his book What If America Were Christian Nation Again?, for example, D. James Kennedy, referring to the signers of the Declaration, writes:

David Barton points out that of the fifty-six men, definitely twenty-four, possibly twenty-seven, had seminary degrees.

All this means, of course, is that twenty-seven of the signers of the Declaration went to college -- twenty at a total of five different American colleges, and seven in Europe. Twenty-four definitely received degrees; three don't appear to have graduated. Almost all of the twenty-seven studied either law or business, and one studied medicine.

Only one of the fifty-six signers of the Declaration was a minister. This was John Witherspoon, the president of Princeton University (at that time called the College of New Jersey). There were two others, William Williams and Robert Treat Paine, who did seriously study of theology at some point in their educations, but neither pursued the ministry as a career. Williams studied under his clergyman father for a time after college, but ended up becoming a merchant. Paine became a lawyer. As for the rest, they may have had to follow the religious rules of the colleges they attended -- mandatory chapel attendance, strict observation of the Sabbath, etc. -- but since their only options were to attend a denominational school and follow its rules or not go to college at all, no conclusions about their religious opinions can be drawn from this.

In addition to the use of this one misleading statement, which is accurately quoted from A Patriot's History of the United States, the NCBCPS curriculum creates another misleading by inaccurately quoting another statement from the same book. Apparently, A Patriot's History, a somewhat biased book containing a handful of misleading statements, isn't biased enough for the NCBCPS, so they accurately quote from it what works for them and alter what doesn't.

The section of A Patriot's History entitled "Revolutionary Ideas," from which the NCBCPS takes much of its section entitled "A Source of Revolutionary Ideas," begins with a paragraph about the 1774 adoption by the Continental Congress of the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, quoting the resolution from that document regarding the right to "life, liberty, and property." This part is accurately quoted in the NCBCPS curriculum.

A Patriot's History ends the paragraph with the question, "Where had the colonists gotten such concepts?," and begins its answer to this question with the following. (emphasis in the next two quotes is mine)

Three major Enlightenment thinkers deeply affected the concepts of liberty and government held by the majority of America's Revolutionary leaders. Certainly all writers had not read the same European authors, and certainly all were affected by different ideas to different degrees, often depending on the relationship any given writer placed on the role of God in human affairs. Nevertheless, the overall molding of America's Revolution in the ideological sense can be traced to the theories of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Baron Charles de Montesquieu.

In the NCBCPS curriculum, however, the phrases are rearranged, the only direct quote from A Patriot's History is the phrase "the role of God in human affairs," and the concepts referred to in the previous statement were "hinged upon" the role of God rather than "depending on the relationship any given writer placed on" this role.

From the curriculum:

These concepts of liberty and government, hinged upon "the role of God in human affairs" and held by the majority of America's Revolutionary leaders, came primarily from three European authors, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Baron Charles de Montesquieu.

The second deceptive statement appears in the fourth section of the curriculum's Unit 17, entitled "Symbols of a Nation."

One of the most famous and recognizable symbols of the American Revolution is the Liberty Bell. It rang, proclaiming liberty, when the Declaration of Independence was first read publicly on July 8, 1776. But why was it rung in conjunction with the reading of the Declaration of Independence. How does this bell symbolize freedom? The answer lies in the Biblical inscription emblazoned on its side. It reads: "Proclaim liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof. -Leviticus 25:10."

Why was the Liberty Bell rung in conjunction with the reading of the Declaration of Independence? Well, the truth is it wasn't. The belfry of the State House had deteriorated so much by 1776 that ringing the bell was impossible. The bell ringing myth began in 1847 with a fictional story written by George Lippard. In Lippard's story, published in the The Saturday Currier, the aged bellman at the State House was waiting in the belfry, ready to ring the bell the minute that Congress declared independence. But after waiting for some time, he began to have doubts that this was really going to happen. Then, the bellman's grandson, who was listening at the doors of the Congress, suddenly shouted, "Ring, Grandfather! Ring!" The popular myth of the ringing of the bell for the reading of the Declaration on July 8 probably evolved over the years from a combination of Lippard's story and an assumption by people unfamiliar with the condition of the State House belfry in 1776 that the bell would have been rung for such an important event. This inaccuracy, however, is the least of the problems with the NCBCPS portrayal of the Liberty Bell.

A bigger problem is the complete omission of the history of the bell in order to associate it, and particularly its biblical inscription, with the American Revolution. The only connection between the Liberty Bell and the Revolution was that it happened to be the bell that hung in the building where the Continental Congress met. At the time, and for many years after, it was just called the State House bell. Most of the signers of the Declaration probably didn't even know what was inscribed on it. It wasn't called the Liberty Bell until 1838, when the bell, because of its inscription, was adopted as a symbol of liberty by a Boston abolitionist group, and a poem entitled The Liberty Bell was reprinted from one of their pamphlets by William Lloyd Garrison in his anti-slavery publication The Liberator. In the decades before this, the bell had become so insignificant that, in 1828, the City of Philadelphia had actually tried to sell it as salvage.

But, the thing that bugs me most about the NCBCPS presentation of the Liberty Bell is that the true story of its inscription would actually be an appropriate example of the use of a biblical reference in American history. In the real story, however, the inscription was chosen by Isaac Norris, a now obscure Quaker, a generation before the Revolution, so it can't be used to imply that those of the founding generation were responsible for this reference.

The Liberty Bell was ordered by the Pennsylvania Assembly in 1751, twenty-five years before the Declaration of Independence. The Pennsylvania State House had been completed in 1746, and in 1749 the decision was made to build an addition to house a bell. The completion of this addition coincided with the fiftieth anniversary of Governor William Penn's Charter of Privileges, the 1701 document that secured the religious freedom and other rights of the colonists and formally gave the Pennsylvania Assembly the expanded legislative powers that it had already begun to exercise. Virtually all historians agree that Isaac Norris, the Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly and one of the superintendents of the State House, chose the Leviticus passage for the inscription to commemorate the anniversary of this charter that gave Pennsylvanians their liberties. The passage for the inscription was obviously chosen by Norris because of the line in the Bible immediately preceding it -- "And ye shall hallow the fiftieth year." The omission of the verse's significance to the fiftieth anniversary of an important historical event in a curriculum that is supposed to be teaching about the significance of biblical references in history is inexcusable.

There's just one more thing that I can't resist adding. The NCBCPS misquotes the Leviticus passage in the bell's inscription, leaving out the word "all" before the words "the land." This might just be a mistake, except for the fact that David Barton misquotes it in exactly the same way in Original Intent. Maybe the folks at the NCBCPS should consider looking up their historical biblical references in the version of the Bible in use at the time rather than copying the errors in the revisionist history books.

Previous articles in this series on the National Council On Bible Curriculum In Public Schools:

Chuck Norris Helps the NCBCPS Spread David Barton's Lies - 4/15/07
The Influence of the Ten Commandments on American Law - According to the NCBCPS - 4/12/07
More Historical Revisionism in the NCBCPS Curriculum - 4/5/07
Historical Revisionism in the NCBCPS Curriculum - 3/31/07
Barton Revises History to Promote the National Council On Bible Curriculum In Public Schools - 3/24/07
More Historical Revisionism from the National Council On Bible Curriculum In Public Schools - 3/18/07
Historical Revisionism from the National Council On Bible Curriculum In Public Schools - 3/10/07

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